As Active Directory is a customisable database that allows for replication across various internet links and connections, many applications bespoke and otherwise can use it to store data relating to a package and its users, as well as for authorisation of users.
It does, however, introduce several massive problems in turn mainly a big increase in bandwidth and big lag. Network links between branch offices are often slow, the additional data added by such applications can easily result in these lines crawling to halt. Even in the biggest of offices, with the fastest of lines, replication data management can be black art, and additional replication data is never needed. In addition to this issue is that of replication speed. In a busy office with multiple branches the kind of network that could well make use of such bespoke applications running on distributed data stores such as AD the replication of all this new data means that none of the offices are ever going to be seeing the latest of information.
Due to these issues most application developers have turned away from using AD as an application data store. Microsoft seeks to change that by introducing a stand alone version of Active Directory tailored towards application data storage.
On top of that, multiple instances of ADAM can run on the same machine, which should allow developers and others alike to test different schema setups far more easily that before.
Fig 3: Active Directory running under XP, who would of thought it! This new partition is tailor made to store data from 3 rd party AD aware programs, and means that data for Ad aware programs can be stored outside of the main three partitions, and can have separate replication schedules.
This obviously has several of the advantages that benefit the ADAM approach, but with ADAM you are able to run multiple instances, something which cannot be done with a normal AD installation. One of the areas that people have been most vocal about is that of replication traffic. Microsoft have long had a reputation for bloat-ware, applications that seem to be unnecessarily large in the file department, and they have been working hard to try to cut down on the amount of data moved across network links in the name of AD replication.
One of the most apparent examples of the new improvements in replication techniques can be seen in the form of Linked Value Replication. This new feature will seem logical to some, but was much desired in the Active Directory Linked Value Replication allows single values of multi-value attributes to be replicated between servers, so that, for example, when you add a new member to a security group containing users, only that one new user is replicated. Previously, all the values in multi-valued attributes where replicated, so that all members would have had to have been replicated in order for just that one new user to be included in the group.
Even in my current small network, with three branch offices and 6 servers, this could make a real difference. On side note, Microsoft have now removed the maximum limit of objects within a group which was set to You can now have an infinite number of members within a group.
Cached Credentials allow users at remote branch offices, which have a domain controller running,, to log on even without a connection to a Global Catalogue server. Even though modern leased line and wan links are far more reliable than they once were and have up times rated in the area of In simple terms this allows you install a copy of the Active Directory database via a network copy, or a CD or any other media, rather than relying on the replication to take place across the network.
Download Summary:. Total Size: 0. Back Next. Microsoft recommends you install a download manager. Microsoft Download Manager. Manage all your internet downloads with this easy-to-use manager. It features a simple interface with many customizable options:. Download multiple files at one time Download large files quickly and reliably Suspend active downloads and resume downloads that have failed. Yes, install Microsoft Download Manager recommended No, thanks.
What happens if I don't install a download manager? Why should I install the Microsoft Download Manager? In this case, you will have to download the files individually. You would have the opportunity to download individual files on the "Thank you for downloading" page after completing your download.
Files larger than 1 GB may take much longer to download and might not download correctly. A domain tree is formed as soon as a child domain is created and associated with a given root domain. For a technical definition, a tree is a contiguous DNS naming hierarchy; for a conceptual figure, a domain tree looks like an inverted tree with the root domain at the top , with the branches child domains sprouting out below.
The creation of a domain tree enables organizations to create a logical structure of domains within their organization and to have that structure comply with and mirror the DNS namespace.
In such a situation, the domain tree might look like the domain tree in Figure Figure The domain tree for micromingers. This isn't vanity on the author's part; it's a legal consideration the publisher insists upon. I had more inventive names, but alas, we must please the lawyers.
This organization of logical divisions within the company works great for companies that have one DNS domain, but the issue of companies that might have more than one "company" in their larger enterprise must be addressed. That issue is addressed through the use of Windows and Windows Server forests. Some organizations might have multiple root domains, such as iseminger.
In such cases, these multiple domain trees can form a noncontiguous namespace called a forest. A forest is one or more contiguous domain tree hierarchies that form a given enterprise. Logically, this also means that an organization that has only a single domain in its domain tree is also considered a forest. This distinction becomes more important later in this chapter when we discuss the way that Active Directory interacts with Windows or Windows Server domains and forests.
The forest model enables organizations that don't form a contiguous namespace to maintain organization-wide continuity in their aggregated domain structure. For example, if David Iseminger and Company--iseminger.
There are three main advantages of having a single forest. First, trust relationships are more easily managed enabling users in one domain tree to gain access to resources in the other tree. Second, the Global Catalog incorporates object information for the entire forest, which makes searches of the entire enterprise possible.
Third, the Active Directory schema applies to the entire forest. See Chapter 10 for technical information about the schema.
Figure illustrates the combining of the iseminger. The Kerberos protocol is explained in detail in Chapter 8. Although a forest can comprise multiple domain trees, it represents one enterprise. The creation of the forest enables all member domains to share information through the availability of the Global Catalog. You might be wondering how domain trees within a forest establish relationships that enable the entire enterprise represented by the forest to function as a unit.
Good question; the answer is best provided by an explanation of trust relationships. Perhaps the most important difference between Windows NT 4 domains and Windows or Windows Server domains is the application and configuration of trust relationships between domains in the same organization.
Rather than establishing a mesh of one-way trusts as in Windows NT 4 , Windows and Windows Server implement transitive trusts that flow up and down the new domain tree structure. This model simplifies Windows network administration, as I will demonstrate by providing a numerical example. The following two equations bear with me--the equations are more for illustration than pain-inducing memorization exemplify the management overhead introduced with each approach; the equations represent the number of trust relationships required by each domain trust approach, where n represents the number of domains:.
The combining of domain trees for Iseminger. With Windows and Windows Server domains, the trusts are created and implemented by default. If the administrator does nothing but install the domain controllers, trusts are already in place. This automatic creation of trust relationships is tied to the fact that Windows and Windows Server domains unlike Windows NT 4 domains are hierarchically created; that is, there is a root domain and child domains within a given domain tree, and nothing else.
That enables Windows and Windows Server to automatically know which domains are included in a given domain tree, and when trust relationships are established between root domains, to automatically know which domain trees are included in the forest. In contrast, administrators had to create and subsequently manage trust relationships between Windows NT domains, and they had to remember which way the trust relationships flowed and how that affected user rights in either domain.
The difference is significant, the management overhead is sliced to a fraction, and the implementation of such trusts is more intuitive--all due to the new trust model and the hierarchical approach to domains and domain trees.
In Windows and Windows Server , there are three types of trust relationships, each of which fills a certain need within the domain structure. The trust relationships available to Windows and Windows Server domains are the following:. Transitive trusts establish a trust relationship between two domains that is able to flow through to other domains, such that if domain A trusts domain B, and domain B trusts domain C, domain A inherently trusts domain C and vice versa, as Figure illustrates.
Transitive trust among three domains Transitive trusts greatly reduce the administrative overhead associated with the maintenance of trust relationships between domains because there is no longer a mesh of one-way nontransitive trusts to manage. In Windows and Windows Server , transitive trust relationships between parent and child domains are automatically established whenever new domains are created in the domain tree. Transitive trusts are limited to Windows or Windows Server domains and to domains within the same domain tree or forest; you cannot create a transitive trust relationship with down-level Windows NT 4 and earlier domains, and you cannot create a transitive trust between two Windows or two Windows Server domains that reside in different forests.
One-way trusts are not transitive, so they define a trust relationship between only the involved domains, and they are not bidirectional. You can, however, create two separate one-way trust relationships one in either direction to create a two-way trust relationship, just as you would in a purely Windows NT 4 environment. Note, however, that even such reciprocating one-way trusts do not equate to a transitive trust; the trust relationship in one-way trusts is valid between only the two domains involved.
One-way trusts in Windows and Windows Server are just the same as one-way trusts in Windows NT and are used in Windows or Windows Server in a handful of situations. A couple of the most common situations are described below.
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