Pertusi, op. Howev- er, from the very beginning of his reign, he had to pay attention to the naval forces of his empire. This was due to the fact that part of the fleet supported his opponents, aspiring to the imperial crown.
After his victory in the civil war, he did not destroy the rebel fleet, but has entrusted her closer inspection. His state possessed a fleet, which could be attributed to the many activities: the fight against internal and external enemies at sea; military transport between distant points within the empire; maritime defense of the capital and other bodies belonging to the Byzantine Empire.
Ahrweiler H. Amato di Monte-Cassino, Storia dei Normanni, ed. Annales Barenses, ed. Anonymus Barensis, ed. Muratori, Rerum Italicarum scriptores V Becker J. Benedikz B. Brown R. Wien Chalandon F. I, Paris Cheynet J. Magdalino, Leiden — Boston Eickhoff E. Mathieu, Palermo Holmes C. Ioannis Scylitzae Synopsis Historiarum, ed. Ioannis Zonarae Epitome historiarum librii, ed.
Kahzdan A. Leontos Diakonou Istoria, ed. Karales, Athina Leo Marcicanus casinensis monachus et cardinalis episcopis ostiensis et Petrus Dia- conus monachus casinensis, Chronica Monasteri Casinensis , ed.
Lewis A. The editor-in-chief gave prominence to the cultures and histories of other East European countries, with Ukraine granted pride of place. After his death, Zofia Hertz was its director up to her death inafter which Henryk Giedroyc headed the Institute until Foreign-language publications included works by Andrei Sinyavsky in the original Russian, and The Universal Declaration of Human Rightswhich kultufa Institute published in several East-European languages.
Funds remaining from the liquidation of Casa Editrice Lettere and its equipment were insufficient to support anything but Kulturawhich now became a monthly. A new home In the Institute was forced to relocate from its first, rented, base in Avenue Corneille to 91 Avenue de Poissy, also kkultura Maisons-Laffitte.
This was pioneered by Stefan Kisielewski, who in consigned the first of several novels to the Literary Institute. He understood that freedom of expression was a necessary condition for the attainment of Polish independence. It also published the quarterly Zeszyty Historyczne Historical Notebooks kultira which there were issues. In Rome, the Institute also printed and published books for the Polish army. First and foremost, the Literary Institute published the monthly journal Kulturawhich ran to issues.
The Literary Institute Instytut Literacki is a Polish-language publishing house created by Jerzy Giedroyc in and directed by him between and Between andin Italy, 26 book titles were published, followed by 9 in the years —52 in France, and then in the Biblioteka Kultury Kultura Library series inaugurated in From the outset, Giedroyc was implementing his policy of widening the Polish arena for debate parysma the introduction of fresh ideas.
Russian anthologies of short stories were also published together with volumes of clandestine papers documenting Soviet dissent. Click here to sign up. Download Free PDF. A short summary of this paper. Uznanie autorstwa - na tych samych warunkach 3. Antoniemu Dudkowi, dr hab. Maciejowi Franzowi prof. UAM, Agnieszce Hasce, dr.
Igorowi Kraszewskiemu, dr hab. UW, prof. Marcinowi Kuli, dr Antoniemu Maziarzowi, dr. Januszowi Mierzwie, dr hab. Andrzejowi Nowakowi prof. UJ, prof. W r. Chmielnicki w r. Chanatu Krymskiego. Po zawarciu unii w r. W latach Na podstawie rosyjskiego Fedora Polikarpowa z r.
Chynczewskiej-Hennel, P. Krolla i M. Rzecz o hetmahie Wyhowskim. Udzielali mu wsparcia w walkach przeciwko Moskwie. The work demonstrates inevitability Cossack-Tatar alliance, its positive and negative aspects, and partly reveals the general political situation in the province and inevitability of depicted events.
In light of the considered sources we could make a conclusion that the Crimean Khanate played not only important political but also significant military role in Eastern Europe. Khan was an annoying opponent and also needed ally, because behind him was the mighty Ottoman Empire.
At the same time the Crimean Khanate having sizeable military potential was able to influence the political situation among its neighbors significantly, receiving substantial income from the support of various participants of the conflict. It is examined in three main measurements: in historical, diplomatic and historiographic one. Author attempts to give the image of this Treaty signing context by the means of examination of international relations between B.
Providing the analysis of statements and significance of the Treaty for Zaporizhhia Army and according to given historiographic material, the interpretation diversity of the events of is followed up in different historiographic schools, corresponding to their seeing of the Treaty of Zboriv signing.
Majchrzaka, Warszawa Tyle o wstydzie. Cohn-Bendita z A. Eisler, Polski rok , Warszawa , s. Eisler, Polski rok …, s. Eisler, Polski rok SB w Krakowie, Le Goff, N. Key words: Intervention in Czechoslovakia, polish response to invasion, the mood in August , the fraternal assistance Many historians and journalists claim that Polish society was indifferent when Warsaw Pact troops entered Czechoslovakia. Many of them speak also of shame. Adam Michnik, who was in prison in August , said: I think that national identity depends on deeds which a person is ashamed of.
If a man is ashamed of Polish sins, than he is a Pole. Then [in ] for first time I felt in my mouth a bitter taste of a national shame. The "indifference" of society can be seen on at least two levels.
Understood as the lack of a visible reaction resulting from the lack of interest was rather a rare phenomenon. Fear of the spread of the conflict meant that the interest in the intervention could not be faint. The "indifference" of society, seen as no specific, explicit opposition to the intervention, is clearly noticeable.
Certainly the information about "giving fraternal help" moved the majority of Polish society, widespread were the discussions on this topic. Security Service SB recorded a lot of comments about this event in the whole country. This article, based on Security Service reports carries out the analysis of the attitudes of specific people. I will not deal with the participation of Poles in the invasion of Czechoslovakia by Warsaw Pact troops.
And instructor of ZHP, who received by shortwave a dramatic appeal from Czechoslovakia and gave it to the Security Service. And also a few words about all those who, as Professor Eisler writes: [maybe] out of fear, opportunism and perhaps laziness [ Mokrego, t. Kroll, M. Nagielskiego, M. Wagner, Zabrze , s. Szewczenki, t. Dzieje kozaczyzny , s. Kubala, Wojna moskiewska r. Ferenc, op. Kersten, Stefan Czarniecki , Lublin , s. XXVII, z. Hnatiuk, K. Jednak w wyniku zaproszenia Buturlina, wieczorem Chmielnicki w towarzystwie 13 L.
Kubala, Wojna moskiewska…, s. Kaczmarczyk, Bohdan Chmielnicki…, s. Niestety, nieznane jest stanowisko samego Tetery. Spasowicz, t. Kochowski, Historyja panowania Jana Kazimierza, t. Kroll, op.
O pobycie poselstwa moskiewskiego w Kijowie wspomina Jerlicz; J. Jerlicz, Latopisiec albo kroniczka Joachima Jerlicza, t. Zarudny i Tetera przybyli do Moskwy 22 marca r. Stati Bohdana Chmielnickiego In the first place the profile of the main figure is presented, and afterward the developments of the famous Council of Pereyaslav are portrayed. Then the writing describes measures that led to the treaty with Moscow that are diplomatic efforts of Bohdan Khmelnytsky that were to assure a favor of tsar as well as reasons why did it seem the right choice.
Next point focuses on the course of general council in Pereyaslav, and especially in negotiations carried between Teteria and Buturlin, that concerned taking the oath by the Moscow envoy in the name of Tsar Alexei Mikhailovich.
Tsar was to promise not to give Cossacks away to the Polish king, he was to defend Ukraine as well as he shall retain all laws and privileges for Cossacks. Then one should remember about the participation and the meaning that Pavlo Teteria had during negotiations leaded in Moscow.
He went to their capital with Samoilo Bohdanovych and it was their role to make efforts to achieve the best conditions for Ukraine. The talks allowed to establish conditions and duties for both sides, supremacy, and other issues e. The final of talks in Moscow have finished also events connected to concluding the Council of Pereyaslav. The active attitude of Pavlo Teteria during happenings related to concluding the treaty caused that he was included in the group of the creators of the treaty. He fulfilled his host function till coming of Bohdan Khmelnytsky in Pereyaslav.
One cannot disregard his attitude connected to taking the oath in the name of tsar that was to confirm laws and privileges of Zaporozhians army. What is more it was he and Zarudny who created foundations for the existence of Ukraine, under reign of Alexei Mikhailovich, as they were trading for the best conditions in return for their autonomy.
Pavlo Teteria had influence at a shape of the agreement between Cossacks and Moscow and he played great part in those events. Report abuse. Find out information about Kultura paryska. It has been. Inwhen sketching out his publishing goals, he wrote: The editor-in-chief gave prominence to the cultures and histories of other East European countries, with Ukraine granted pride of place.
Apart from literature per se, he wished to publish works on political and social issues. In Poland The s saw the publication of a number of first editions by authors who lived and worked in Poland. Before choosing a date, enter the: Apart from established authors, Giedroyc was keen to promote new writing and from did so systematically.
Foreign-language publications included works by Andrei Sinyavsky kultra the original Russian, and The Universal Declaration of Human Rightswhich the Institute published in several East-European languages. The new company was registered as Casa Editrice Lettere. This was pioneered by Stefan Kisielewski, who in consigned the first of several novels to the Literary Institute. The Literary Institute came into being in Rome in early under the aegis of the Polish 2nd Corps, which loaned funds for the purchase of a printing press.
0コメント